czasownik “to have” – zasady, przykłady , użycie

“to have” -> oznacza „mieć” , „posiadać”

to have: Jeden z najważniejszych czasowników podobnie jak “to do”, “to be” , służy także jako czasownik posiłkowy (auxiliary verb) w budowie czasów Perfect.

Have: formy

Bezokolicznik	Przeszłość – Past Simple	imiesłów bierny czas przeszły – Past Participle
have	had	had

HAVE – w czasie Present Simple dla osóby he, she, it -> jest forma HAS
HAVE jako czasownik posiłkowy, dla czasów Present Perfect i Past Perfect.

“to have ” – Present Simple – forma twierdząca

Osoba	Forma have/has	Przykład
I	have	I have a dog.
You	have	You have a nice car.
He	has	He has a sister.
She	has	She has a new phone.
It	has	It has four legs.
We	have	We have a meeting today.
You	have	You have many friends.
They	have	They have a house.

W formie continuous HAVE zamieniasz na HAVING.
W czasach Perfect HAVE zamieniasz na HAD.

“to have ” – Present Simple – forma przecząca (negative)

Osoba	Forma do not / does not + have	Przykład
I	do not have (don’t have)	I do not have a car.
You	do not have (don’t have)	You do not have time.
He	does not have (doesn’t have)	He does not have a bike.
She	does not have (doesn’t have)	She does not have a dog.
It	does not have (doesn’t have)	It does not have wheels.
We	do not have (don’t have)	We do not have a plan.
You	do not have (don’t have)	You do not have tickets.
They	do not have (don’t have)	They do not have money.

“to have ” – Present Simple – forma pytania (question)

Osoba	Forma Do / Does + osoba + have	Przykład
I	Do I have…?	Do I have a chance?
You	Do you have…?	Do you have a pen?
He	Does he have…?	Does he have a car?
She	Does she have…?	Does she have a sister?
It	Does it have…?	Does it have a name?
We	Do we have…?	Do we have a problem?
You	Do you have…?	Do you have tickets?
They	Do they have…?	Do they have kids?

“to have ” – Present Simple – forma pytanie przeczące (negative questions)

Osoba	Forma Do/Does + osoba + not + have	Przykład
I	Do I not have…? / Don’t I have…?	Don’t I have a choice?
You	Do you not have…? / Don’t you have…?	Don’t you have time?
He	Does he not have…? / Doesn’t he have…?	Doesn’t he have a phone?
She	Does she not have…? / Doesn’t she have…?	Doesn’t she have a job?
It	Does it not have…? / Doesn’t it have…?	Doesn’t it have batteries?
We	Do we not have…? / Don’t we have…?	Don’t we have a meeting?
You	Do you not have…? / Don’t you have…?	Don’t you have tickets?
They	Do they not have…? / Don’t they have…?	Don’t they have a house?

HAVE = HAVE GOT
Uwaga! HAVE ma także formę HAVE GOT , obie znaczą to samo. Have got jest bardziej nieformalne , częściej używane w brytyjskim angielskim.

Porównianie HAVE vs HAVE GOT

Twierdzenie (affirmative)

Osoba	HAVE	HAVE GOT	HAVE GOT -skrócona wersja
I	I have a car.	I have got a car.	I’ve got a car.
You	You have a dog.	You have got a dog.	You’ve got a dog.
He	He has a bike.	He has got a bike.	He’s got a bike.
She	She has a cat.	She has got a cat.	She’s got a cat.
It	It has a tail.	It has got a tail.	It’s got a tail.
We	We have a house.	We have got a house.	We’ve got a house.
You	You have tickets.	You have got tickets.	You’ve got tickets.
They	They have a plan.	They have got a plan.	They’ve got a plan.

Przeczenia (negative)

Osoba	HAVE – przeczenie	HAVE – przeczenie skrót	HAVE GOT – przeczenie	HAVE GOT – przeczenie skrót
I	I do not have…	I don’t have…	I have not got…	I haven’t got…
You	You do not have…	You don’t have…	You have not got…	You haven’t got…
He	He does not have…	He doesn’t have…	He has not got…	He hasn’t got…
She	She does not have…	She doesn’t have…	She has not got…	She hasn’t got…
It	It does not have…	It doesn’t have…	It has not got…	It hasn’t got…
We	We do not have…	We don’t have…	We have not got…	We haven’t got…
You	You do not have…	You don’t have…	You have not got…	You haven’t got…
They	They do not have…	They don’t have…	They have not got…	They haven’t got…

Pytania (questions)

Osoba	HAVE – pytanie	HAVE GOT – pytanie
I	Do I have…?	Have I got…?
You	Do you have…?	Have you got…?
He	Does he have…?	Has he got…?
She	Does she have…?	Has she got…?
It	Does it have…?	Has it got…?
We	Do we have…?	Have we got…?
You	Do you have…?	Have you got…?
They	Do they have…?	Have they got…?

Pytania przeczące (negative questions)

Osoba	HAVE – pytanie przeczące	HAVE – forma skrócone	HAVE GOT – pytanie przeczące	HAVE GOT – forma skrócone
I	Do I not have…?	Don’t I have…?	Have I not got…?	Haven’t I got…?
You	Do you not have…?	Don’t you have…?	Have you not got…?	Haven’t you got…?
He	Does he not have…?	Doesn’t he have…?	Has he not got…?	Hasn’t he got…?
She	Does she not have…?	Doesn’t she have…?	Has she not got…?	Hasn’t she got…?
We	Do we not have…?	Don’t we have…?	Have we not got…?	Haven’t we got…?
They	Do they not have…?	Don’t they have…?	Have they not got…?	Haven’t they got…?

Have jako czasownik posiłkowy (auxiliary verb), do budowania czasów Perfect np. Present Perfect i Past Perfect.

Present Perfect, osoba + have/has + 3 forma czasownika (past participle)

I have seen this movie.
You have finished your homework.
She has visited London.
They have bought a new car.
He hasn’t called me.
We haven’t eaten yet.
Have you seen this?
Has he arrived?
Have they left?

Past Perfect, osoba + had + 3 forma czasownika (past participle)

You had left when I arrived.
She had studied English before moving to London.
They had bought a house before the baby was born.
She hadn’t studied enough.
You hadn’t seen it before.
We hadn’t brought a map.