to be or not to be – czasownik to be – być

Kiedy używamy to be?

Niezwykle ważny w języku angielskim, jeden z podstawowych czasowników podobnie jak “to have” oraz “to do”. Jeśli go opanujesz, to łatwiej zrozumiesz kolejne czasy i konstrukcje w angielskim. Przyjmuje różne formy np: am , are, is, was , were, been , be itp.

1. Opisywanie stanu, cech, emocji

I am tired.
She is happy.
I was tired yesterday.

2. Informacje o wieku, zawodzie, narodowości

He is 20 years old.
They are Polish.
He was 20 years old when he started college.
They were engineers before the company closed.
They have been doctors since 2020.

3. Lokalizacja

The keys are on the table.
The bags were in the car an hour ago.
The keys will be on the table later.

4. Budowanie strony biernej

The car was repaired yesterday.
The car is being repaired.
The car will be repaired tomorrow.

5. Budowanie czasów ciągłych (Continuous)

I am working.
They were sleeping.

Czasownik “to be” w czasie Present Simple – teraźniejszość

Osoba	Twierdzenie	Przeczenie	Pytanie	Przykład
I	am	am not	Am I…?	I am happy.
you	are	are not / aren’t	Are you…?	You are ready.
he	is	is not / isn’t	Is he…?	He is tall.
she	is	is not / isn’t	Is she…?	She is a doctor.
it	is	is not / isn’t	Is it…?	It is cold.
we	are	are not / aren’t	Are we…?	We are at home.
you	are	are not / aren’t	Are you…?	You are students.
they	are	are not / aren’t	Are they…?	They are Polish.

Czasownik “to be” w czasie Past Simple – przeszłość

Osoba	Twierdzenie	Przeczenie	Pytanie	Przykład
I	was	was not / wasn’t	Was I…?	I was tired yesterday.
you	were	were not / weren’t	Were you…?	You were at school.
he	was	was not / wasn’t	Was he…?	He was happy.
she	was	was not / wasn’t	Was she…?	She was a student.
it	was	was not / wasn’t	Was it…?	It was cold.
we	were	were not / weren’t	Were we…?	We were in the park.
you	were	were not / weren’t	Were you…?	You were ready.
they	were	were not / weren’t	Were they…?	They were Polish.

czasownik “to be” w czasie Future Simple – przyszłość

Osoba	Twierdzenie	Przeczenie	Pytanie	Przykład
I	will be	will not / won’t be	Will I…?	I will be ready soon.
you	will be	will not / won’t be	Will you…?	You will be happy.
he	will be	will not / won’t be	Will he…?	He will be a doctor.
she	will be	will not / won’t be	Will she…?	She will be late.
it	will be	will not / won’t be	Will it…?	It will be sunny tomorrow.
we	will be	will not / won’t be	Will we…?	We will be at home.
you	will be	will not / won’t be	Will you…?	You will be surprised.
they	will be	will not / won’t be	Will they…?	They will be here soon.

Czasownik “to be” w czasach continuous i perfect.

W czasach continuous np Present Continuous, Past Continuous zmienia się z “to be” na “being”.

We are being served.
She was being treated well.

W czasach Perfect zamieniasz “to be” na “been”

You have been helpful.
She has been tired.
They had been tired before the break.